The Wild Children

Wild Children In the beginning of the 1920’s, Russia was controlled by a communist era. Everyone struggled to survive in a country they have considered their own. Parents were taken away, children were stolen from homes. Everyone was oppressed from the right to live freely. Felice Holman, author of the book the Wild Children centers her book on how the children of Russia in the 1920’s sought refuge to survive and pushed through the limitation of childhood caused by societal revolution especially in this period where vulnerability for children is very evident.Wild Children talks about Peter and Alex that in the midst of a land deprived from liberty for children, these two characters rose to the precipice of the unknown and risked their own freedom to help and lead the wild children of Russia escape to the land of freedom. Peter is the leader of Jacob the Baker’s band. Who sought refuge and food not only for himself but also for the rest of the wild children whom h e considered his family. His leadership over his band reflects the authority that is shown by a father over his family.An authority of love, concern, and discipline yet with rules and laws to follow in order to maintain equality within. â€Å"Peter’s rules demanded†¦ to perform bodily functions† (Holman46) in order for them to keep peace and camaraderie within. He made sets of laws to divide among the children in order to function and survive as a band, just like a family. Although his character is focused on being a father figure over the band, he does not only show compassion over his band but also towards the other wild children he does not even know.He refused the chance to escape Russia but instead came â€Å"back for the others in the family† (148). Peter came back not because he needed to but rather because he knew what it is like to be left in the midst of a hopeless society. He sought opportunity to serve other children like him and because he also felt the band the wild children all shared together- a bond that is almost like a family. The other character that made an impact to help the wild children escape is Alex. He risked his freedom when he led the band to Basil, a man who planned and helped for their escape.Although Alex knew that â€Å"they would see him as a street waif and thief and throw him down the steps head first† (125) nevertheless he still went on. He knew that Basil is the only hope he and his band has and if he doesn’t take and risk the opportunity now, they might not have been able to escape to a land of freedom. Alex made the decision because he knew that deep within these children is the eagerness to push aside anxiety, cold, the pain of separation, loss, and loneliness.He felt that this band became one with him, sharing and surviving together. From all the struggles they all went through together he felt that â€Å"they are†¦friends, and yes†¦family† (130). Deep within, ev eryone in the band connected to each other with their hope that one day life would be all right. Peter and Alex’s experience marked their purpose to serve their fellow wild children. Their purpose in the society united them by heart and the purpose that defined their being. Peter and Alex saw the need and they responded to the need.And that is to make a change in their generation. Russia during the 1920’s may have been a nightmare to a lot of children’s souls during that time. But this era somehow sparked visions and hopeful hearts through the children who never lose heart. This era may have caused children like Peter and Alex to dare to dream for themselves and their generation and be an example of hope for generations to come in Russia. Works Cited Holman, Felice. The Wild Children. New York: Puffin Books, 1983.

Living In a Concentration Camp As a Jew

Living In a Concentration Camp As a Jew By: Sheena Xu Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp to created by the German Nazis in April 1940. It was located by a town called O?wi?cim, Poland. It was one of the most dangerous Nazi camps and was called the â€Å"final solution†. 1, 095, 000 Jewish men, women, and children were deported to Auschwitz and 960 000 died intotal at the camp. Auschwitz was divided into 3 sections. One was a prison camp, one was used as a killing and extermination center, and lastly there was a forced labour camp. Only about 11% of children who were still alive in 1933 had survived the Holocaust. The prisoners had 3 small meals a day. Breakfast was half a litre of imitation coffee or a herbal â€Å"tea† which was always unsweetened. Lunch was a litre of watery soup and you would be considered lucky to have a few pieces of turnip or potato peel, and many newcomers had a difficult time eating it. The evening dinners were around 300 grams of black bread with either sausage, margarine, marmalade, or cheese on top. It had to last until the morning so prisoners would hide it somewhere while they slept, but the starving prisoners would usually eat it all right away. Prisoners had many duties both inside and outside of camp like working in factories, farms, and coal mines. Work was every day except Sunday and they woke up at 4:30 in the summertime and at 5:30 in the wintertime and the nighttime silence was at 9:00. They worked for German companies and were used as slave-labour. The Sonderkommando were Jews selected for their strength and fitness to work in the crematoria. Their job was to dispose of dead corpses coming from the gas chambers. The Kanada Kommando was another job where prisoners were assigned to sort through the valuables of Jewish people so they could be sent back to Germany. Canada was a country that symbolizes wealth to the prisoners, so that's why they named it Kanada because of all the clothing and jewelry. Anyone who worked for the Kanada Kommando had much better living spaces in barracks than the other prisoners, but if they were caught stealing anything, they would be killed.Doing anything wrong or not to the standards could be risking your life. Most prisoners were sent to the gas chambers immediately after arriving. Different punishments they would use was the â€Å"post† or flogging. The â€Å"post† was where you're hung in the air for a long time, so your arms become paralyzed and you are sent to the gas chambers because of being unfit for work. Flogging is when a prisoner is bent over a stool with their arms stretched forward and they would be whipped for about 25 times. A hanging would take place during roll call and it was meant to intimidate other prisoners. A shooting was where prisoners had to strip naked and they were shot in the back of the head. Smoking, relieving yourself at the wrong time, or attempting suicide meant punishment or death. On January 27, 1945, the Soviet Union soldiers had liberated the remaining prisoners from Auschwitz. Intotal, 135, 000 Jewish prisoners were liberated but most died soon after. Many relief workers and physicians tried to save the prisoners but many were too weak to digest food and they couldn't be saved. Since they had gone without food for so long, the food was too rich for the prisoners, so they had to eat little by little. Even though so many had died, there were still those who fought to survive, and they are the people that could still live to tell their story.

Berkeleys Theory of Immaterialism Essays - Perception, Ontology

Berkeley's Theory of Immaterialism As man progressed through the various stages of evolution, it is assumed that at a certain point he began to ponder the world around him. Of course, these first attempts fell short of being scholarly, probably consisting of a few grunts and snorts at best. As time passed on, though, these ideas persisted and were eventually tackled by the more intellectual, so-called philosophers. Thus, excavation of "the external world" began. As the authoritarinism of the ancients gave way to the more liberal views of the modernists, two main positions concerning epistemology and the nature of the world arose. The first view was exemplified by the empiricists, who stated that all knowledge comes from the senses. In opposition, the rationalists maintained that knowledge comes purely from deduction, and that this knowledge is processed by certain innate schema in the mind. Those that belonged to the empiricist school of thought developed quite separate and distinct ideas concerning the nature of the substratum of sensible objects. John Locke and David Hume upheld the belief that sensible things were composed of material subezce, the basic framework for the materialist position. The main figure who believed that material subezce did not exist is George Berkeley. In truth, it is the immaterialist position that seems the most logical when placed under close scrutiny. The initial groundwork for Berkeley's position is the truism that the materialist is a skeptic. In the writing of his three dialogues, Berkeley develops two characters: Hylas (the materialist) and Philonous (Berkeley himself). Philonous draws upon one central supposition of the materialist to formulate his argument of skepticism against him; this idea is that one can never perceive the real essence of anything. In short, the materialist feels that the information received through sense experience gives a representative picture of the outside world (the representative theory of perception), and one can not penetrate to the true essece of an object. This makes logical sense, for the only way to perceive this real essence would be to become the object itself! Although the idea is logical, it does contain a certain grounding for agnosticism. Let the reader consider this: if there is no way to actually sense the true material essence of anything, and all knowledge in empiricism comes from the senses, then the real material essence can not be perceived and therefore it can not be posited. This deserves careful consideration, for the materialist has been self-proclaimed a skeptic! If the believer in this theory were asked if a mythical beast such as a cyclops existed he would most certainly say no. As part of his reply he might add that because it can not be sensed it is not a piece of knowledge. After being enlightened by the above proposed argument, though, that same materialist is logically forced to agree that, because the "material substratum1" itself can not be sensed, its existence can not be treated as knowledge. The materialist belief has, in effect, become as futile as proving that the cyclops exists; his ideas have lead him into skepticism. Having proven that the materialist is, at best, a doubter, Berkeley goes on to offer the compelling argument that primary and secondary qualities are, together, one thing. As the materialist believes, primary qualities of an object are those things that are abstract (not sense oriented). Examples of these would be number, figure, motion, and extension. Secondary qualities are those things that are concrete (sense oriented), such as color, smell, sound, and taste. The materialist feels that these primary qualities persist even when the secondary ones are not there. Thus, if a person were blind, then that individual would not be able to hear or to touch items; yet the so-called real qualities such as figure would remain existent in the objects. As previously shown, the materialist is agnostic in his belief of these real (primary) qualities. It is here that Berkeley directs an alternate hypothesis: that the abstract primary qualities don't exist at all. In fact, the immaterialist position states that these qualities are merely secondary in nature, as they, too, can not be perceived as being separate from an object. For inezce, if a person is asked to imagine a primary quality

A Comparison of Athens and Sparta Research Paper

A Comparison of Athens and Sparta - Research Paper Example It was at this time that Athens emerged as the most powerful of the city states. The city emerged as the cultural capital of the entire Greek world and it was the cradle of contemporary western science and philosophy. The Athenian empire reached its zenith during Pericles’s life time. The city was full of splendor and Athenians themselves believed it to be the ‘City of God’. On the other hand, Sparta represented to a totally different world. It had its own philosophy about administration, military, education and marriage. It also differed from Athens on ideas about the nature of relationship with other Greek empires. Although Sparta was a strong military state, it was content to remain in its territory and didn’t indulge in warfare for acquisitions of new territories. On the other hand, Athens had expansionist policies. It wanted to get hold of more and more Greek territories. This expansionist policy of Athens, proposed by Pericles, led to war between the two states which ended with the defeat of Athens. Athens suffered defeat at the hands of Sparta. Although Athenians were world renowned for their superior naval units, they succumbed to the Spartan military expertise. The reason for Spartan victory can be attributed to the upbringing and training of the Spartan soldiers. This demands an in-depth investigation into the similarities and dissimilarities of the two states. The Spartans differed from Athenians in many ways. The main points around which the commonalties or differences between the two states can be discussed are Economy, Art, Lifestyle, Women, Military and Sexuality. The economic or financial policies of a nation or state depend on the nature of politics prevalent in the country. Athens and Sparta were similar on this feature because both the state’s governments were elected by people. While the Athenian government pioneered the democratic system, Sparta was a military aristocracy (McNesse, 31). In Athens, participa tion came from all walks of life. Although there were restrictions on women, men were free to discuss new ideas in the assembly. On the other hand, Sparta had much more inflexible political framework. Its own ideologies and policies made Sparta politically and economically less active. Out of the two, Athens was more economically active. It was at the centre of a great trading network that dealt with goods from as far the Britain in the west to India in the east, bringing untold wealth into the city. This trade and Athens’s expansionist ambitions led to the building of Athenian naval empire which stretched across the Aegean Sea. Agriculture was the mainstay of Athenian economy. It also prospered because of the profits brought by mining and metal crafts. As said earlier, trade also played an important part in Athens’ economy. This is a feature where there lie stark differences between the two empires. In Sparta, economic activities were carried outside the city while th ere was no such thing with Athens. Sparta also lacked a currency system, a system which was very well developed in Athens. This meant that Sparta not only had very less interaction with the outside world, it also lay dormant as far as trade was concerned. Art is a dimension where the two empires Athens and Sparta differed a lot. During the period of coexistence of Sparta and Athens, Athens produced some of the greatest sculptors and philosophers of all time. Socrates, Phidias and Plato were philosophers who still represent the immortal soul of Greek and art and Philosophy. On the other hand, Sparta was only concerned with its military glory. Although early Sparta produces marvelous pottery, it was no match to Athenian art and mathematics.

Imperfection Markets and Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imperfection Markets and Unemployment - Essay Example Joblessness is experiential in any kind of inflationary economies where the restriction on take-home pay was not lessening is most probably not compulsory and certainly, there is little persuasive confirmation that industries with better wage and cost flexibility (for example construction) display less unpredictability in service (Keynes, 1973). This article helps us understand that the arrangement of defeatist in the last analysis is indefensible. As per the authors in the actual world there is hardly any perfect competition in the markets and thus this causes unemployment. Murray Milgate and John Eatwell range extensively across the backdrop which describes their subject matter. Both are globally well-known authors famous for their inscriptions on Keynesian economics. A unique characteristic is the argument which Keynesian imminent into the procedure of present market economies offer a rich seam of wherewithal that can help build a more reliable, effectual and pragmatic explanation of today’s multifarious economic with regards to imperfect market and unemployment. They believe in the powerful Keynesian ideas which could be applicable to present as well as past economic problems. They demonstrate how supportive these ideas are when it comes to explaining the link between imperfect market and unemployment and how these are correlated to one another. They embark a blueprint for a substitute which offers an obvious, more reliable, and more appropriate approach to recognizing how the markets work. Besides they also emphasize the interpretive inadequacies which typify Keynes erudition itself. They carry out every single aspect of this in the context of a stimulating re-examination of a number of the most vital economic tribulations which confront financial markets and the worldwide economy today. Finally they wrap up that

Effects of French Revolution WWI and WWII to the Social Fabric Essay

Effects of French Revolution WWI and WWII to the Social Fabric - Essay Example Germany was fined a carousal amount of money which forced it to borrow from USA. It also led to increased hostilities between the nations and races. Moreover, the war was a huge economic burden to the nations involved and the world in general. Failure of the world nations to learn from the WWI lead to the emergency of the WWII in 1945. The WWII was later followed by the Cold War that led to collapse of Soviet Union and USA emerging as the sole super power. (Mugambi, 2005, p15) Effects to the social fabric of the Western community. The French revolution led to the transfer of power from tyrannical monarchs to republicanism and democracies of the 21st centuries. The uprising characterized by modern society against any oppressive government is much as a result of French Revolution political ideological influence. Secondly, separation of church and state as two entities and subsequent emergency of secular states in western societies is traced back to French revolution. Thirdly, French revolution is the genesis of popularization of Civil Rights, equality, toleration, individual liberty and freedom which later had liberal influence in USA and Britain. French revolution is more or less linked with the origins of political factions for instance left wing, centre and right wing and conservatives versus liberal/ democrats the political characteristic of the western societies. Moreover, French revolution and culmination of events that followed will always be remembered as the origin of the monumental French constitution that define human rights that stand to be the point of reference in almost every country bill of rights as defined by United Nation (UN) and separation of powers that is still being the essence of western societies political arrangement. Above... The French revolution led to the transfer of power from tyrannical monarchs to republicanism and democracies of the 21st centuries. The uprising characterized by modern society against any oppressive government is much as a result of French Revolution political ideological influence. Secondly, separation of church and state as two entities and subsequent the emergency of secular states in western societies is traced back to the French revolution. Thirdly, French revolution is the genesis of popularization of Civil Rights, equality, toleration, individual liberty and freedom which later had liberal influence in USA and Britain. The French revolution is more or less linked with the origins of political factions for instance left wing, center and right wing and conservatives versus liberal/ democrats the political characteristic of the western societies. Moreover, French revolution and culmination of events that followed will always be remembered as the origin of the monumental French constitution that define human rights that stand to be the point of reference in almost every country bill of rights as defined by United Nation (UN) and separation of powers that is still being the essence of western societies political arrangement. Above all, French revolution promoted the idea of change and progress as good things. This has become a very distinctive mark of the modern western world.

706 week 13 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

706 week 13 - Assignment Example Some factors, however, cannot be measured or observed and this means inability to use evidence and data. Consequently, tuning in to the edge and intuition that offers a better understanding of factors for informed decisions is necessary. Tuning to the edge and intuition also offer a deeper understanding of the factors and integrating them with evidence and data that often identify relationships and their significance offers strong base for decision-making (Kerfoot, 2005). Turning to the edge and intuition, unlike sole reliance on evidence and data, also allows for generation of the ‘dissenters’ that are necessary for effective decisions (Pittman, 2013). Intuition played a role in my professional life when I identified unusual behavior in a colleague. His attitude had suddenly changed and he appeared stressed up. I imagined possible effects of his condition on his practice realized that he a risk to his patients through mistakes in care delivery. I decided to talk to him about his condition and convinced him into attending a counseling session. He later confessed the possibility of administering wrong medication during that period in which he was depressed. A possible dissenting voice to my project is that a free environment, in which practitioners enjoy autonomy over their approaches to care instead of such regulations as JNC guidelines, promotes creativity and can lead to better health outcomes. Need for tuning to the edge and intuition as well as dissenter concept could trigger opposition. Pittman, B. (2013). Bob Pittman of clear channel, on the value of dissent. The New York Times. retrieved from:

Perception and Cognition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perception and Cognition - Essay Example The things we do consciously are influenced by the unconscious mind - our actions are the effects of stimuli which we are unaware of. There have been various interpretations in this regard. According to cognitive psychology, unconscious information processing likened to subliminal message processing (idea opposed by authors because they thought the definition was unnatural and restrictive). (09No) In Evolution: evolutionary changes occurred as a result of unconscious processes - there was no conscious thought that went into evolution and adaptation; For example, things like culture and early learning - we don't think about our culture - we are surrounded by it from an early age and information gets stored in our unconscious mind without our being aware of it - it is inherent. Same with Early Learning - we learn lots of things at a very young age, which are inherent traits of human kind, which we again, don't consciously think about (for instance, kids, especially infants, learn behavior by "passive imitation" of parents or friends; as infants we unconsciously learn by experience - as we grow up, those learned behaviors/actions/values stay with us, and are stored in the unconscious mind - later in life, we don't consciously think about these things - we just know them to be true) All these characteristics have been oft associate... There is a distinct line between conscious and unconscious goal pursuit. Keeping in perspective the recent evolutionary arrival of modes of though and behavior, it is probably that the conscious goal is directly or indirectly related to unconscious motivational structures. We are predisposed, conditioned (genetically predisposed - this is an effect of evolution) as a human race to prefer certain "aspects of our environment over others" -these are perhaps linked to the behaviors we learn as infants. For instance in various Muslim families, it has been inculcated in the minds of their females that physical intimacy with men is a no and nor are revealing clothes allowed. They are asked to adapt and mould themselves in this peculiar lifestyle where they shun themselves from the society in general and set their goal in such a way where nurturing their kids and serving their husbands in future becomes central to their survival. This is result of environmental and social pressure most of which becomes innate in the female inhabitant in such families. (Iceberg Metaphor and Unconscious Mind) Another theory suggests that impulse to act upon a stimuli is an unconscious behavior - the impulse is produced unconsciously, and then the conscious mind takes over; plethora of impulses that are driven by behavioral and cultural norms and or our values/traditions. Some people react at the sight of lizards or their mention without even without seeing the poor animal. This is because a certain kind of unconscious fear exists in the back of their mind about it. Their reaction for the same is involuntary. It rests at the back of their mind subconsciously which tends to act as prime motivator for the same. We are unconsciously inclined towards certain things over others (certain

Designing Continuous Auditing for a Highly Automated Procure-to-Pay Article

Designing Continuous Auditing for a Highly Automated Procure-to-Pay Process - Article Example f a continuous monitoring system also helps auditors to carry out an independent monitoring and enables them to carry out audit tasks on a continuous basis. There have been changes in business and auditing, which prompts auditors to make use of continuous monitoring system and continuous auditing. The changes in auditing environment have made auditors make use of graphic modeling in auditing financial statements, and this calls for the implementation of continuous auditing and monitoring system (Borthick, 2012). The procure to pay process is a very complex automated process which requires a continuous automated monitoring in order to effectively audit the process, the internal and external control, as well as all other financial records of any company that uses this process. However, it is not certain that the implementation of continuous monitoring system will help the auditors to effectively and efficiently carry out their auditing tasks. This is because implementing a continuous monitoring system on the procure-to pay process presents some impediments to the auditors (Borthick, 2012). Divergence by business practices where they divert from the original system as employees devise workarounds in order to meet exigencies may become an obstruction to the auditors. When employees diverge from the original system, companies end up changing the entire system in order to enable the system to support the employees work. This means that the auditing process will always be subject to continuing system enhancement and this can be a huge challenge for the auditors (Borthick, 2012). It is also true that the reliance on the system development life cycle that is warranted for the operation of system controls can create huge problems to the auditors. In some companies, the continuous monitoring is always based on the assumption that price looks up for pallets by each day are correct in all aspects (Borthick, 2012). This assumption is tenuous given the interaction of changes

Apple marketing stategy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple marketing stategy - Article Example This will make it affordable for the new customers to purchase the product before the product is hiked. This strategy will reduce threat of competition as the brand will have already have attained an advantage over other competitors. Diversification of the products in the market will also be used as a strategy to increase financial returns which will be used as a competition tool for the company. The finances will also be used as an entry barrier to potential competitors in the same sector (Hill & Jones, 2009). One of the competition strategies of the company is intensive advertising. This is through the media e.g. television, radio, newspapers and magazines. This will work in ensuring that customers have adequate knowledge concerning the existence of the product in the market. Efficient distribution is another strategy to be used by the company which will involve agents, sales persons and different branches that are established in different countries in the world. Another strategy that Apple Company will use to keep its competition level high is through constant communication with its customers through social networks and other communication channels such as blogs. This will help the company to have ideas of the customer’s behaviors concerning the product in the market. Constant innovation on the product is another important tool that will be used to extend the life of the products in the market. This will work towards reducing monotony of using the same product over a long period by the customer. It will also help in preventing the replacement of the products from the market by the competitors (Hill & Jones, 2009). Different products fit for different people (e.g. iPod for young generation, laptops for business people etc) based on demographics such as age; family location etc. in order to satisfy the market, the market will be divided depending on the demand of the product and the

Financial Performance Analysis Essay Example for Free

Financial Performance Analysis Essay This project work has not formed the basis for the award of any degree/ diploma by Bangalore University or any other university. Name of the Guide: Mr. Jagdish Designation: Place: Bangalore Date: Guide’s Signature. This is to certify that this project work title â€Å"A study on the financial performance of the Aamp;S Inc. † is based on an original project study conducted by Monisha Tirkey (07JJC08051) of BBM under the guidance of Mr. Jagadish K. K. This project work is based on original and has not formed the basis for the award of any degree / diploma by Bangalore University or any other university. Monisha Tirkey hereby declare that this project work titled â€Å"A study on the financial performance of the Aamp;S Inc. † is based on the original project conducted by me under the guidance of Mr. Jagadish K. K. This has not been submitted earlier for the award of the award of any other degree / diploma from Bangalore University or any other university. Student Name: Monisha Tirkey Registration Number: 07JJC08051 Place: Bangalore Date: The successful completion of this project would not have been possible without the guidance, help and timely assistance from a number of people. I should at the very outset express my gratitude to the almighty God for his wonderful plan that brought me into this institution for my studies and for helping me throughout the project. I also thank HOD, Mr. Surendranath Reddy, who encouraged me to undertake this project. I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Jagdish, my guide, for the valuable help he extended in carrying out this project.

Rosalind And Celia The Main Character Essay Example for Free

Rosalind And Celia The Main Character Essay 1. As you like it is full of characters pretending to be someone other than themselves. To what degree are the characters aware that they are role playing? Does their acting have serious consequences, or is it merely a game. In the text as you like it by William Shakespeare many characters have alter egos in whom they use to influence and associate themselves with other characters. The two main characters that are pretending to be someone other than themselves are Celia and Rosalind. In act 1 of the text Rosalind is banished from the court of the duke and decides to seek upon her father in the forest of Arden. Rosalind and Celia decide to disguise themselves, Celia as a country girl named Aliena and Rosalind as a young man named Ganymede. Rosalind and Celia are unaware of the consequences that occur from having disguises. A consequence of Rosalind’s male disguise as Ganymede is that she makes Phebe, a female shepherdess in the forest of Arden fall in love with her. This disturbs the natural order in which Phebe is in love with a fellow shepherd Silvius. Rosalind’s gender swapping has created a consequence in she has made a woman fall in love with her when she is in love with Orlando. In the end Phebe goes back to Silvius and the consequence of Rosalind’s role-playing is resolved. The role-playing in the text does have effects on the other characters but Rosalind does end up marrying Orlando, Celia ends up marrying Oliver and Phebe ends up marrying Silvius. So the long-term consequences of Celia and Rosalind’s role-playing are miniscule only making the text more intricate and interesting for readers. In conclusion although characters in the text as you like it do pretend to be someone else, the consequences add to detail in the text and have have no serious consequences.

Algorithm For Segmentation Of Urdu Script English Language Essay

Algorithm For Segmentation Of Urdu Script English Language Essay Segmentation of script plays a vital role in script recognition. It is vital to understand the script that is used in writing a document before developing or using a model to recognize it. Chain codes etc. In ligature model, word model is used at document, page and word level for segmentation. Our algorithm for segmentation of Urdu script used character model and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to enhance work done previously. We have extracted features from images and calculated the maximum likelihood to match characters in inference algorithm with a feature extracted from a text sample. The main features used in the system will be pre-processing, connected component analysis, recognition and segmentation of text up to character level. The algorithm will provide a means to implement an Urdu OCR system on the basis of the character model. Keywords Preprocessing, Segmentation of characters, character model, Optical character recognition (OCR), max and argmax. Introduction We use an OCR system / scanner to get images of text [1]. Into preprocessing image will be converted to noiseless B/W image. 1.1 Segmentation Segmentation is dividing an image into smaller segments or pieces [2]. Segmentation occurs on two levels. At first level both text and graphics are separated for further processing. At second level, segmentation is performed on text to separate paragraphs, words, and characters etc. Segmentation of text can be performed on a document, page, paragraph and character levels [3]. They suggested various segmentation approaches namely [4]. Holistic Method Segmentation based approach Segmentation free approach In holistic method whole word is classified using a dictionary, the features of test input are matched against trained prototypes [5]. The limitation is that the method is not good for larger classes and it can only be used with the other two methods. Segmentation divides a word into smaller segments. The image of the word is broken up into several entities called graphemes [4]. Segmentation depends on human intuition. In segmentation free approach character model can be used to concatenate characters and form words. For instance segmentation free approach can be based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that is a stochastic model. 1.2. Urdu Language and Text Segmentation Urdu is a cursive (written with the characters joined) writing language. Urdu language characters are similar in shape and have curves that make it difficult to recognize by a machine. Moreover it has more than one symbol to represent a character. Due to its cursive nature characters / scripts in Urdu language are hard to recognize by a computer program. A very accurate technique is needed to recognize / understand Urdu characters. Urdu characters have four elementary shapes Basic Symbols (38 Symbols) Table 1 shows the basic symbols / shapes for Urdu Language. Beginning Symbols (26 Symbols) Table 2 shows the basic symbols / shapes for Urdu Language. Mid Symbols (40 Symbols) Table 3 shows the basic symbols / shapes for Urdu Language. Other Symbols This includes symbols for numbers, special symbols like zabar, zair, paish etc. The symbol tables, Table 1, Table 2, Table3 and Table 4, for Urdu language are given below as: Table1. Basic Symbols Table 2. Beginning Symbols Table 3. Mid Symbols Table 4. Other Symbols We used Urdu script Nastaliq for our work. We extracted images for Urdu character set like basic, beginning, mid and other symbols using available Nastaliq font. Literature Review In a structural approach to script identification, stroke geometry has been utilized for script characterization and identification [6]. Individual character images in a document are classified either by applying a prototype classification or by using support vector machine. Ligatures are used for segmentation / recognition of Urdu characters. The ligature is a sequence of characters in a word separated by non-joiner characters like space. Their approach in [1] used ligature model and it is divided into two stages: Line Segmentation Line segmentation deals with the detection of text lines in the image. The image is scanned horizontally from right to left direction, upwards to downwards, in search of a text pixel. Afterwards, it is determined whether this pixel belongs to a primary ligature or a secondary ligature as shown in Fig 1. The freeman chain codes (FCC) of the ligature are compared with already calculated FCC of the secondary ligatures. Character Segmentation The text is skeletonized and a label matrix is constructed which contains the identifiers of all ligatures in the image. The position of individual characters in a word is determined. Segmentation is done using primary ligatures only. Fig 1. (a) Urdu word (b) Seven ligatures (c) Three Primary ligatures (d) Four Secondary ligatures [7]. Limitations of the method are: firstly, they performed segmentation on the basis of primary ligatures only, therefore, it will not differentiate between seen and sheen because it will ignore secondary ligatures i.e. dots. Secondly, dictionary of images stored for training will be huge. Thirdly, there are problems of over segmentation and under segmentation. In [8], they have proposed a ligature and word model for Urdu word segmentation. It was done in three phases: In 1st phase, data is collected. They identified Ligatures and calculated word probabilities using probabilistic measure. From the input set of ligatures, all sequences of words are generated and ranked using the lexicon lookup. In the 2nd phase, top k sequences are selected using a selected beam value for further processing. It uses valid words heuristic for selection process. In the third phase, maximum probable sequence from these k word sequences is selected. Their method used dictionary of ligatures/words, chain codes, and to find best probable sequences they used HMM toolkit HTK to recognize a word / ligature. They have recommended that their work can be further improved by using the character model for Urdu text segmentation [9]. A poor segmentation will lead to poor recognition [10]. They divided image into smaller blocks, check for uniformity, group uniform block using color similarity and identify text in this block [11]. They used edge density based noise detection to segment out text areas in video/ images [12]. Segmentation of an image into text and non-text regions effect performance in OCR development [13]. They proposed line segmentation method using histogram equalization, indicated various problems and text line into ligature using chain codes [14]. They presented bounding box based approach for segmentation of table of contents in Urdu script [15]. They analyzed horizontal and vertical projection profiles for line and character segmentation. Misclassification occurs at character level [16]. They proposed text line extraction using vertical projection, marking all points where pixel values are not found and text line into ligatures using stroke geometry [17]. They proposed identification of partial words (i.e. connected components) in text line and using horizontal / vertical projections to identify words using relative distance matching [18]. They used dictionary for text line and ligature segmentation in online text [19]. Problem Statement Previous work has limitations that it cannot correctly perform segmentation in few cases and there will be misclassification problems. Moreover it can recognize a limited set of connected components or ligatures only. Proposed Segmentation Algorithm We will enhance previous work by proposing an improved algorithm for Urdu script segmentation that will use a character model. For this purpose we have created a set of characters. There are about 114 characters excluding some special characters like zabar, zair, paish etc. We have used characters of fixed size and style in this work. We are using all the variations of each character in a writing style e.g. bay has three shapes a basic, a beginning and mid shapes. Our algorithm uses a character model with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for segmentation of Urdu text. To the best of our knowledge, this work has not been done previously. We have offline text i.e., scanned pre-processed B/W Urdu characters and we are using Matlab ver. 7.12 as programming tool. 4.1 Our Method Our method is divided into three broad steps: Step#1 Data Acquisition / Feature Extraction: In the first step, algorithm transforms images of symbols into binary form as a matrix. Then extract features from the images using our feature extraction program and store it into a disk. These features are represented as hidden states: X(i) = { x(0), x(1), . . . , x (k)} where each X (i) represents a feature (in matrix form) for each shape in an Urdu character set; x (k) is a position vector in the matrix X (i). Step#2 Get Observed data: The observed data contain sequences of Urdu characters. In our study we have used a line of Urdu text. After acquiring this filtered image, we have transformed it into binary form. Then extracted features from an image using our feature extraction program. This feature contains several Urdu characters in it. The algorithm will scan it and perform segmentation by calculating maximum probabilities with hidden states and locating observations in feature using HMMs. These observations form observable states: O(i) = { o(0), o(1), . . . , o(k)} where each O(i) represents feature (in matrix form) for each shape in observed states; o(k) is a positional vector in matrix O(i). Step#3 Apply HMMs: We are given: Hidden states: X(i) = { x(1), x(2), . . . , x(k)} where i = 1,2, †¦ , m (for m characters). Observable states: O(i) = { o(1), o(2), . . . , o(k)} where i = 1,2, †¦ , n. Initial Distribution X(0). In a hidden Markov model the state variable x(i) is observable only through its measurements o(i). Now, suppose that a sequence O(i) of emission has been observed. Fig 2 shows transformation of a character and an observed sequence that are captured using MATLAB matrices. (a) (b) Fig 2: (a) A m x n matrix showing Urdu character Alif. (b) Sample observation showing a connected component of two characters bay and alif spelled out ba. Instead of using characters our algorithm extracted features from all the characters to reduce computation complexity. These features will be used as hidden states in HMM i.e. x(i) and are stored on disk for example, features showing character alif and bay, captured using MATLAB, are shown below in fig 3. (a) (b) (c) Fig 3. (a) Feature for character Alif, (b) Feature for character Bay and (c) Feature for sample S(i) taken from word ba i.e. bay-alif. The algorithm extracts feature from line of sample text S(i). In forward algorithm, the feature s(1), †¦ , s(k) is matched against each of the hidden states x(i) by matching rows of x(i) with rows of S(i). The process continues for all characters and stops after calculating probabilities for all the characters i.e. P(X(i)|Z(i)). Afterwards it finds the maximization of probability and in this way it finds observation O(1) from the S(1). The forward algorithm will continue from s(k+1), †¦, s(L) to find observations O(2), †¦ , O(n). If there is more than one probable character, then we can use a so called Viterbi algorithm that will find argmax and will give the optimal probable sequence if we are not near to actual results. The algorithm for the HMMs is as under: Algorithm Segsha (S, L) j=1 while ( j < L ) for i = 1 to n Sample s(j) ~ {w} wi = pr(s(j)|X(i)) end-for O(i) = O(i) U {max( wi )} s(j) = s(j) + 1 end-while Where S is a sample feature of vectors obtained from an observed sequence O(i) i.e., a line of Urdu text; L is the dimension of S (length of S); S(j) is a sample taken from S each time to match against character feature X(i) and probability of matching will give us weights, wi, for each character; max(wi) is maximization of probability that proceeds as follows: Here max(wi) can be calculated by comparing wi ~ w and calculated by using the eq.1 [20]. Result A total of 1200 words were used that include all the characters in our character set. Sample scanned text was taken from Nastaliq font with point size 36. We found that 1176 out of 1200 were completely recognized. Not the whole word but only one or two characters in a word were misclassified. The accuracy of 97% was very encouraging for us and we are looking forward to work further in this area. Conclusion We tested our approach on images of text taken from Nastaliq font scanned at 300 dpi and found that better results can be achieved by using HMM with the character model. These results were checked on a prototype using a set of characters. We have achieved 97% accuracy. Future Work and Enhancements In future we are planning on two things: 1. To eliminate restriction of fixed font size and style. 2. To work with handwritten Urdu text. We will use both of the options using the same method but that is another story.

One Thousand Paper Cranes -- One Thousand Paper Cranes Short Stories E

One Thousand Paper Cranes Walking toward his mother's bedroom, Mark slowed his pace. His heart ached and felt heavy. His mother's illness hung over him like a shroud, turning his life black. She had cancer in her lungs and he didn't know why and who to blame. She didn't smoke, so why did it have to happen to her. He questioned. He stopped at the door, gathering his thoughts. What would he say to his mother?. He took a deep breath, gathered his strength, and opened the door quietly. "Mom, how are you today? I'm sorry I haven't come to see you for a while." Mark said as he smiled at her trying to be cheerful. "Mom, I have a surprise for you today. I'm sure you will love it." He held his surprise behind his back with his right hand, but was so excited that he couldn't hide his feelings. He imagined her smiling as he revealed his gift. Maggie lay in her bed , lost in thought, and showed little interest. "Mark, is that you? Come close to me." She glanced at her son and tried to move her body to sit up, but she couldn't. She took a deep sigh and said, "I'm sorry, Mark. I don't feel good today." She knew she was dying. She suffered from lung cancer for a year. She had two painful operations in the last couple of months that had drained all of her strength. She was getting weaker and weaker. Now she stayed in bed all day, reading, watching TV, seeing occasional visitors, and remembering her life. She found momentary relief with her visitors, but always she would quickly tire and have to sleep. She smelled death around her. An independent woman all of her life, she wanted to take care of herself, but she was too weak to do so. Her body was dying daily, but her mind remained clear so she started writing her journal. She a... ...cranes and wonder at the folding. I will treasure senbazulu for years. Thank your Japanese friend for me." Mark had forgotten about the thousand cranes since his last visit. That was a wonderful gift for her. He didn't really believe its myth, but he wondered now that maybe it could be true. Summer was over. Four months passed since he had a family reunion at his hometown. He sat on his mother's empty bed in the dimly lit room and looked at the cranes hanging on the wall. His mother had died. He read her last letter to him. For a moment, a cool fall breeze fanned into the room through the slightly opened window. He could hear his grandfather's old clock across the room ticking loudly. He thought that one of the cranes smiled down at him, broke free and flew in the sky. He cried as he watched it fade into the horizon. "Take care of my mom," he whispered.

Psychology/clockwork Orange Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Clockwork Orange is a film about a wild and troubled young lad Alex. Alex and his friends (droogs) get a high from inflicting harm upon others. They commit random acts of robbery and rape around London. Alex, as the ringleader, eventually gets caught and is sent to prison. It is in prison that scientists study Alex’s violent behavior. Scientists believed that through special training or a program that his evil ways could be fixed. Alex was subjected to a conditioning program that would create an unpleasant physical reaction to just the thought of doing harm to another person. Skinner’s theories on behaviorism are introduced in these scenes where the doctors are trying to â€Å"cure† Alex. As part of the conditioning program, Alex is forced to watch films with his eyelids clamped open. His face is then wrapped in electrical straps and wires. He is forced to watch violent scenes and right after those scenes follow crimes that Alex committed with his gang of friends. In the rear of the theater, the doctors watch his reactions and record his behavior. These images of violence in the films induced nausea caused by the injections. As he watches, a feeling of queasiness slowly takes over. The doctors predicts that he will associate the death experience with the violence he sees. After his first session, the nurse later says that Alex has made a very positive response to the conditioning, and he is being cured. The next day the films are being played with ...

President Bill Clinton Impeachment :: William Jefferson Clinton Essays

Interview: Views on Clinton’s Impeachment The impeachment of Bill Clinton is one of the “weirdest episodes'; in our political history. He is the only elected President of the United States ever to be resulted in the passage of impeachment (Johnson was not elected, Nixon resigned to prevent impeachment). The reason for his impeachment is that he lied under the oath during the testimony in the Paula Jones sexual harassment suit, and to grand jury during Monica Lewinsky investigation. He even abused power and lied to the Congress in an attempt to cover up a series of indiscretions, which resulted in the passage of four articles of impeachment. These incidents later turned out to be a political soap opera and ended with Clinton’s presidency preserved, but it is a soap opera that many believed it could be prevent from happening. Clinton’s impeachment made headlines news across the nation ever since it was revealed to the public. Unfortunately, many people still have a long way to know what went on behind the close door of the impeachment. The majority do not have an idea if the Congress is making the right move or not to impeach our President. Hence, many do not realize how the impeachment might affect our nation politically. To answer this, I conducted an interview with my high school physics instructor, Mr. Arnold Burkert. I interviewed him as a person who strongly dislikes the notion of Clinton’s impeachment. My goal of this interview was to write a paper about the impeachment by using public opinion and attitude toward one of the “weirdest episodes'; in our political history. As a supplement to this interview and to write this paper, news magazine articles related to this assignment were also used as in a supporting role. The first remark my instructor made in this interview was that the Congress had made a bad judgement to pass the impeachment. He reasoned that Clinton managed a healthy economy and gained strong approval in the national polls. He believes Clinton’s offenses were personal and minor. Although his sexual relationship with Monica Lewinsky was reckless behavior, the Constitution doesn’t have anything that says one should be impeached for reckless conduct. The Constitution can only impeach President Clinton if he commits treason, bribery, high crimes, and misdemeanors. Therefore, he believed Clinton’s impropriety is not related to the Congress or even us, the people, which means his faulty action is not impeachable according to the rules of the Constitution.

Critical Thinking Assignment

Exercise 1-1 1. What is an argument? An argument is a two part structure of claims; one part contains a premise and the other a conclusion. 2. T or F: A claim is what you use to state an opinion or a belief. 3. T or F: Critical thinking involves attacking other people. 4. Tor F: Whether a passage contains an argument depends on how long it is. 5. T or F: When a claim has been questioned, an issue has been raised. 6. Do all arguments have premises? Yes 7. Do all arguments have conclusions? Yes 8. T or F: if it is impossible for the premises of an argument to be true without the conclusion also being true the argument is deductively valid. . T or F: The more support the premises of an argument provide its conclusion, the stronger the argument. If the premises being true means that probably the conclusion is true, the argument is inductively strong. 10. Can a conclusion be implied, or must it always be explicitly stated? It must always be explicitly stated and consists of words and phra ses like therefore, thus, and consequently. 11. Explain the connection between an argument and an issue. When you have an issue you are raising a question to a claim and arguments are claims structured into two parts. Both are connected through claims. 12. T or F: â€Å"Miller Lite tastes great† is a value judgment. 13. Are all value judgements about matters of taste? 14. T or F: All value judgments are equally subjective. 15. T or F: Only claims subject to scientific testing are worth discussing. 16. T or F: All arguments are used to try to persuade someone of something. 17. T or F: All attempts to persuade someone of something are arguments. 18. T or F: Whenever a claim is called into question, an issue has been raised. 19. T or F: Moral value judgments might all be true. 0. T or F: Sometimes we transfer a favorable or unfavorable opinion of a speaker to what the speaker says 21. T or F: Explanations and arguments serve the same purpose. 22. â€Å"Therefore† and â€Å"consequently† are conclusion indicators. True 23. T or F: â€Å"Rhetorical† or â€Å"emotive force† refers to the emotional content or associations of a word or phrase. 24. T or F: the rhetorical force of language can get in the way of clear and critical thinking. 25. T or F: We should not try to put our own position on any issue in the most favorable light.

Serandib Bank

CONTENT Page 1. induction. 1 2. Executive Summary. 2 3. Problem Statement. .3 4. Alternatives. 5 5. passant 8 6. Implementations.. 9 Introduction This is the unitary-fourth assignment which I am advancement as a baptistery canvass for module 4 examination of give Qualification in Human imagination heed 75th Batch at the Institute of Personal solicitude Sri Lanka (IPM).The lawsuit is about the SerendiB entrust which was playing a successful monopoly game in the slangers field where whole deuce otherwise local anesthetic desires were held receivable to the Government regulations towards the utensilation of alien shores in the terra firma. The SerendiB imprecate was leading the country with a lag of 9,800 at the branches direct in separately leading township island wide. Very recently on its fiftieth anniversary, a revolutionary chief administrator officer, Mrs. Maya Perera was appointed on her post who was meet extraditeed back to the country after help 20 bulky duration at deuce inappropriate Banks as a out action Executive.With the arrival of clean chief operating officer, numerous superior executives of the fix were stressed with her vernal mount which is emphasized on follo progressgs. Coope roll imaging and strategies/ subscriber linees designs for next five years Creating guest friendly touch on Introduction of a la mode(p) technology Motivating internal staff through extrinsic motivation Promoting ag theme hightail it and achieving goals through team dynamics. The vernacular was delighting its success for next two years till the prison term of arriving two abroad wedges and with that, suddenly it faced a abridge drop in all aspects.The trust illogical its guests by 50% and the employee turnover rate was 22%. Finally the commit has tight run intoting down its 22 branches and divest it two overseas deeds. Executive Summary SerendibB Bank was practicing the seniority ungenerous of operatio nsd promotions, non-financial recompenses for individualist efforts and besides staff enjoyed the traditional bordering activities. notwithstanding, new chief executive officer emphasized the impotency of introduction of modish technology while motivating the staff through extrinsic motivation and promoting team work and achieving goals through team dynamism.Also, chief operating officer wanted to encourage people to a greater extent than towards the monetary pays and as a result direction introduced nearly a cardinal of group fillips whilst statutory pays were paid in picture over and above the forkalized criteria. Although Bank stimulated a higher growth rate in financial terms during the front two years tenure of new chief executive officer, many senior executives were extremely unhappy with the CEOs new approach. With entrance carriage of two new unusual trusts, many senior staff members left from the SerendibB and join with this new banks for better pro spects and relieve with the pertly introduce observe schemes.Within first half-dozen months, SerendibB anomic over 50% of customer base and also drop in revenue. Further, SerendibB had to close down 22 branches and divested two overseas operations. This case study demonstrates the employee support ashess can help arrangements to attain their goals. However, Employers must(prenominal)iness first hear each objective travel byly in the first place developing tactual and intangible return corpses. Important goals much(prenominal) as employee retention and job satisfaction, action improvement and employee motivation can be achieved by identifying the desired out tote up of employee punish syllabuss. . Problem Statement 1. The newly introduced give back vigilance dodge does non accord to the sine qua nons of the employees in the geological formation. The impressiveness of remunerate incase is shock absorbered by internal and foreign factors and it is im portant for employers to continually monitor, evaluate and mark their supports and benefits packages to ensure that they continue to meet employees involve. Changes in the competitive landscape, in the economy, in employee requirements and in demographics can all impact how effectively brea matter packages meet employee call for.On difference opinion of both internal drivers and external environmental impacts can help ensure that companies pay off packages serve to drive retention in a positive delegacy. But, radical CEO of SerendibB Has modificationd the animated abide by finaglement system without doing a squargon-toed study. Therefore, change of be riposte management system is not suitable to entire organization and its requirement. 2. The newly introduced honour Management system does not beget the proper eternal sleep amid the Financial and Non Financial Rewards, individual and group yields.Financial punishs and group incentives argon one way businesses can show their appreciation to employees for tough work and dedication, plainly this should be merely one piece of the compensation system. Non-financial rewards and individual incentives can carry just as lots weight by empowering employees, as fountainhead as giving them a sense of accomplishment and of belonging. CEO of this bank always campaignd the monetary rewards and the team work concept among staff. Therefore, honour system should be balanced among financial and non-financial rewards as good as the Individual and the group incentives. . The Reward Management System is not arranged and sustainability. Employee reward systems can help employers achieve their organizational goals. However, employers must first identify each objective clearly earlierhand developing tangible and intangible reward systems. New CEO had interpreted a close to pay in biramous the EPF,ETF and gratuity over and above the legalized criteria. But he hasnt checked whether the organization can afford such a huge expensein the future. At the same time legal consultants also advised the covert management not to grant riotous financial rewards.Therefore, such a reward managements system doesnt reserve a sustainability, consistency and credibility 4. The Reward Management System does not catering the purpose. Employers must maintain employee rewards that the elapse companys employees find substantive. Well-managed employee reward management system have tangible affirmatory effects on the employers hobo line results such as Attraction, retention, motivation, engagement, return on investment. Throughout the case it doesnt demonstrate the key values of reward management system.Further, Majority of the staff of the SerendibB bank left and join with new foreign bank due to frustration. In that case SerendibB was failed to full fill the basic requirement of the reward management system. 5. The Reward Management System does not cater the requirements of the breathing staf fWithinfirst six months of opening the competitor banks, SerendiB lost over 50% of customer base and had to face huge drop in revenue. Also, many of the senior staff members joined the new foreign banks. By that moment, come about management of the SerendibB bank rise knew the reason behind.But, nobody abridge steps to change or enhance the existing rewarding system so that best fit for the existing employees and refrain them with the SerendibB bank. Alternatives 1. SerendibBBank should come up with incentive visualises as follows for their employees in fiat to reward staffs who contribute the approximately to the advantageousness goals of the bank. This allows employees to reap the rewards to their business acquisition activities and helps to promote a sense of self-achievement and teamwork. a) Bank inquire to identify those ingatherings and services that it wants to concentrate upon found on product demand, pricing and insecurity analysis.For example, when a bank decid es that too much of its assets be related to the condominium market, a shift toward other income producing real acres is make. at a time the occurrent year product and profitability goals are established, the assorted departments of the bank are informed of the products that the bank is going to pursue. b) It is recommended consult with staff and trade compact and micturates their ideas of a new incentive system. Also, management can conduct brief pile to get the ideas of staff. Provide clear choices in canvass in order to get clear answers.Ask questions like Would you prefer a cash reward or a personalized plaque for cosmos employee of the month? Employee surveys should also list a diversity of monetary and non-monetary awards and ask employees to list their preferences. c) A bank profitability system takes each product that the bank covers and classifies it according to the creditworthy department and customer account. The various customer accounts are charge to speci fic employee who manage the account and sum up the business masses of the bank with the customer. The employees also acquire new customer accounts that generate profit.Therefore, a proper profitability system must be capable of dealing the progress of existing and new customer accounts by employee in order to reward the efforts of the employee through the incentive blueprint of the bank d) Once the various income-producing goals are established for the bank, the acquisition incentive program is communicated to the departments obscure. For example, if incentive fees are being contributeed for acquiring new real farming business loans, the program details what the employee look ats to do in order to earn an incentive retribution.The typical program involves the payment of an upfront fee to the employee of two percent for the original acquisition of new business and a five percent payment after the first year of operation from the ongoing business of the customer. This type of program tends to bring the operation of the bank unneurotic e) The continual monitoring of the profit and bolshy goals of the bank according to customer and assigned employee must be transparent and forthcoming to the relevant employee, as well as to the department supervisor. This allows for total follow-up and monetary remuneration.It also shows where adjustments need to be made due to problematic relationships. Furthermore, it provides the historical base for progress and motivation. f) Measure employee satisfaction of new or better incentive plan by obtaining ideas of employees or implementing a survey and review exit interview information. In addition, analyze turnover rates before and after implementing the employee incentive program to rhythm the effectiveness of the new or improved rewards system. 2. Monetary incentives encourage employee compliance, rather than back up risk-taking, since most monetary rewards consider only employee performance.Employees may be moti vated to perform in certain ways to achieve monetary rewards, rather than doing something because it is the right thing to do. This behavior can disrupt or end good working relationships among associates, since they have become competitors rather than co-workers, which ultimately disrupts the boilers suit work environment. Non-monetary incentives have been used to reward employees for their good work by providing opportunities for cookery, pliant work schedules, improved work environments and sabbaticals.Therefore it is substantial to take a good balance between non-monetary and monetary incentives as well as the group and individual incentives. Because it results in a more satisfying program to address the diverse interests and needs of employees. 3. With the lost of customer base, SerendibB bank is in a terrible finance situation. Bank is silent nonrecreational the statutory payments in double to existing employees due to wrong decision taken by its CEO. Therefore, it is nec essary to today stop such extra payment (EPF,ETF Gratuity)through by the bank to its employees and on behalf of employees. . SerendibB Bank need effective reward systems in order to attract employees to the bank economise their existing employees and maintain a convenient workforce. The primary employee reward is usually pay. But, SerendibB has to offer a total reward system that includes good pay and other non-monetary incentives. plan a total reward system is important task to be done by the bank to overcome the current problem it has faced. Therefore, bank can implement following to attract external people. a) slip-dance a competitive pay strategy.Benchmark (two foreign banks) the market pay scale for each compensated position in the organization. Once pay scales are determined, Deputy CEO can decide which positions should be paid at, below or above the average pay rate. Critical positions in the organization are often paid at higher rates to funding priceless employees a nd avoid wasting resources on employee searches. b) hand work-life rewards. These rewards include paid or inexpert sick time, paid lunch and break times, childcare assistance, variable work schedules and other benefits that dont normally include pay, but are drawn as valuable by employees.Organizations that are in a position that precludes paying traditional benefits can sometimes keep employees by offering these types of rewards c) Develop meaningful employee recognition programs. many another(prenominal) employees respond to simplex recognition for a job well done. This can be as lightsome and spontaneous as a simple thank you or more organized as a periodical or guidely recognition lunch or dinner. Its important that people who are accept are truly outstanding workers. Depending on the profitability of the organization employees be recognised with anything from cash to event tickets to a certificate. ) go a race development program. Many employees testament stay at organizations that offer fewer benefits if they can see that at that place is possible job advancement purchasable in the future. Offering management training programs that truly given employee a leg up on future career advancement can be viewed as a valuable reward. This can be a very(prenominal) low-cost reward system that keeps employees for the long-term. Its important to only offer training to employees who truly deserve it. 5. At this crucial time, it is important to retain existing employees.Therefore it is requires to offer them a short tem rewards such as meal allowances, bonuses, transport allowances, health and life insurance, and yearly vacation in order to keep employees. Conclusion more or less people work mainly or even exclusively for the money they earn. No employee refuses more money, whether it is a one-time reward or a permanent pay increase, but employee rewards need not always be monetary. Raises and bonuses are among the most potent piece of work rewards. The importance of rewards in the workplace extends beyond providing increased pay.Therefore, it is important to starta proper reward system in the bank with the get down of getting below results to the SerendibB bank and overcomeexisting problems which bank is experienced now. cater Retention Staff turnover is expensive. It costs a company from 120 to 200 percent of an employees annual salary to replace him when he leaves. New hires often require considerable time to reach peak performance. Staffs who feel that the bank recognizes their efforts are less likely to prove jobs elsewhere than those who feel that they are taken for granted. Maintaining MoraleAt this moment staffs of SerendibBsuffer from low morale. This is especially due to unhappy with CEOs new approach towards the reward system. Providing rewards can boost morale and need not be much costly. Enhancing procedure Rewarding employees often improves performance on the job. Nonmonetary rewards often produce surprisingl y carry on increases in staff productiveness. Raises and bonuses also increase staff productivity. Carrot Versus Stick need Bank staff is consisted with educated employees. winning a stick approach to bank discipline is often counterproductive in motivating staff.Punishments, in the form of negative public recognition, can quickly rot into a finger-pointing exercise among employees impatient to keep the spotlight away from themselves. Therefore, it is very vital to have a effective rewarding system in SerendibB bank to speed up the recruitment process and as well as to retain the existing staff . Implementation Implementing an employee reward program is a great way to push workers to excel. Not only does a program generate results for the people who win awards, but it also tends to increase productivity and drive staff to give their most to the SerendibB Bank.Therefore, it is recommended to consider the below given areas when implementing and employee reward program to the Ser endibB Bank. Director HR should take an initiative to implement a reward policy for the Bank so that it would be clear to the bank staff. Also, bank need to initiate a grievance manipulation system, so that staff can come up with any problem they have and look for a solution. If such is available staff might wait and see whether they can have solution before they go for drastic actions such as leaving form the bankCreate two lists of goals, one for the bank and one for the staff. Be clear on what the staff are pass judgment to do within the program and what bank want to achieve by creating it. increase customers, improving staff morale or rewarding hard staff are all acceptable goals, as long as bankis clear on them. watch on the type of prize that will be awarded. Prizes can be symbolical (an actual certificate or medal) or they can be material and contract on money rewards, special items or long-term rewards, such as more time off or a raise. Announce the timing of the reward system.It doesnt very matter bank plan on handing out awards on a monthly or quarterly basis, but it has to plan in advance. Management of SerendibBlet the staff make love what to expect and when. Once announce the program, HR department of the bank can do updates throughout the month or quarter to show where the process is going and how everybody involved is doing. Designate a leader to keep track of the system. This could be a manager, a staff who is not participating in the program. Create a schedule or a follow-up system so bank staff can track themselves and make the process easier for the leader..

Analysis of Mail on Sunday Article on Tourism Essay

Just by looking at the backings implementn by the station on sunlight and the nurture advertisment, a muckle discharge be told.Is he keeping the tourists a expressive style.This claim from the send on sunday al or so at a time puts negative views on the person named he. This style is real legal in the bureau that he is apply instead of she or they. He is enforced because men atomic number 18 a stronger therefore women and so people feel more uncomfort equal when he is utilise. The form of address is besides utile in the way that it gives the basic backround of the subject. By giving a dwarfish bit of information the referee wants to read on and find out each the facts.The five faces of dispossessed personness.The title from the shelter advertisment is tricky in piecey ways. The title is slyly linked to the pictures at the bottom of the scallywag which argon pictures of five homeless peoples faces. This advertisment aswell as the berth on sunday word fee ds potential readers a bit of information which makes them want to read on which is what a titles job is.Looking at the lyric produced by the two phrases a herd hind end be told. The mail on sunday hold is written in an informal manner which is good in the way that it provides a good use of emotive haggling and phrases. In this word all of the emotive words be use as a weapon against the homeless people. An subject of this is when the article uses words like dossers and beggars or more in effect unwanted deterant. The emotive words alone give vital information. Effective phrases like army of scroungers, hordes of beggars, conventional begging grounds and proffetional beggars give the reader the opinion that the homeless beg in large proffessional groups that are organized like an army. Also expressions like frighten women and older people illistrate that the homeless are able and threatening. The article aso tries to give the impression that the homeless are a desease by using phrases like a new plague or even by using long discrptive sentances Littered with utilize condoms, small bottles, larger cans, syringes and human excrement.This emotive sentance is yet some other example of the article suggesting that the homeless bring desease. The words condoms and syringes direct the reader to thinking about aids. throughout the article emotive words are used to describe the homeless but are overly used to describe towns and cities.Regency splendour of Brighton,The network of medievel streets, superb abbey,Historic heart of LondonThese quotations are unspoilt of poetic words which describe tourist haulage cities such as London or Bath. poetical words are used so that the reader can compare the so called well-favored cities with so called dossers or beggars. This succeeds because it helps the reader to picture a picturesque city and then think of the homeless trashing it. passim the article the word Britain is used more then six times. This is efficacious because it is patriotic towards Britain in the way that it sort outs the reader that it is their country at stake.The use of quotations in the mail on sunday article plays a monstrous part in the effectiveness of the article by backing up the articles statements with facts. One example of this would be when the newsperson says about the beggars targeting visitors and foreigners. Later on in the article this is backed up by a quotation from a homeless manThe foreigners are the best catch.In the shelter advertisment the emotive words are used in disproof of the homeless.My motherkicked me out,My landlord threw me out.These quotations are examples of how emotive words are used to make the reader sympathetic towards the homeless. In this advertisment emotive words are used to tell the reader that most homeless people do not choose to be homeless. The words used in this advertisment are extreamly powerfull and are sometimes ingeminate because of this.Racial harrassment, Sexually abused,physicly abused,All of these phrases are precise simular and are very powerfull.The use of quotations in the shelter advertisment is scarce but effective. In this advertisment quotations are used cleverly by putting captions abutting to pictures of homeless people. One example is with the picture of the face charwoman on the phone.For three years i was sexually abused by my brother. My parents didnt believe me, so i left to get away from it.This is effective because it shows that homeless people are real and that they can not help being homeless.In an article the layout is one of the key factors of success. In the mail on sunday article the layout is outstanding and a lot can be learned from it. The most effective example of clever layout in the mail on sunday article is the big picture of the homeless man surrounded by small pictures of beautiful tourist monuments.The picture of the homeless man is clever because you can not see his face because it is cover by hi s hair. This is effective because not being able to see his face takes all things that are benignant out of him and makes the reader see him as an animal.This is also effective because the picture of the homeless man fits the discription presumptuousness by the reporter.Crackdown on these ugly gangs, with their torn and unsporting t shirts, matted hair and pitful stories.The most clever and effective thing of all is the way that the big picture of the homeless man seems to be get-up-and-go away the small pictures of the beautiful monuments. This symbolises the top dog that the reporter is trieing to make which is that the homeless people are destroying Britains heritage.another(prenominal) clever piece of layout is where the really important and effective information is enlarged and put in adventurous. The frank font draws the readers eyes towards the information which makes sure that the most important piece of information is read.Beggars making c a day who threaten Britain s visitors- and a 25bn assiduityThe layout of the shelter advertisment aswell as the mail on sunday article is very clever and effective. Aswell as the mail on sunday article the shelter advertisment uses bold writing and enlarged font when expressing an important pointHomes cost less than homelessnessIn this advertisment the important points are also put in a recession which draws the readers eyes. As said before the editor very cleverly put faces of homeless people with captions next to them proving that most of the homeless are no dissimilar to all body else. The most effective layout in this advertisment is where anti homeless statements are written in bold and then underneath statements that counter aggress the anti homeless statementsSquatters are vandals.Very hardly a(prenominal) squatters damage their squatsetcThis is clever because it has an answer to attack any anti homeless statement and so the readers views on homeless people change.

Introductory Accounting Assignment

ACCT 2060 prior invoice engagement Semester 2, 2011 This naming is intentional to necessitate you to point the twelvemonthly stems for a fraternity and bring into be ache-familiar with the dishearten of contents of an bingle- lineage floor, peculiarly the fiscal statements and the pure t bingles to the monetary statements. magical spell we make up looked at very prefatory formats of the pecuniary statements, the fiscal statements for a guild hold back a myopic more(prenominal)(prenominal) peak and data on virtu most(prenominal)y items you whitethorn non watch been introduced to yet.Pay incident(a) assist to the culture exhibitd in the nones to the monetary statements as you pass on adventure a d bleak play of reusable development in them that whitethorn help oneself with whatsoever of the call into interrogatorys. compulsory You atomic fleck 18 inevi instrument panel to happen the 2010 social classbook motif of B lackmores bad-tempered and hence exercise the questions that stick to in start up A and expound B. post A THE confede proportionalityn (8 x 1 = 8 spots) interrogative mood 1 picture the participations mavin direct activities. autonomic nervous system Blackmores contain manufactures & develops wellness products. Ref Blackmores AR all all oercompensate wondrous 2010, summon 2 disbelief 2 An examineing inviolable support hurl veri gameboard hire for their operate. What services did the auditing stiff pop the question for this fede balancen in 2010? autonomic nervous system The auditing firm, DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU, audited the stip curiosity root word include in pages 41 to 48 of the directors twainplacecompensate for the course of instruction lay off 30June 2010. Their omnibusiness is to say an vox populi on the requital describe, establish on their audit conducted in conformism with Australian Auditing Standards. Ref Blackmores AR composition sumptuous 2010, rapsc exclusivelyion 41 to 48, rapsc in allion 50 and 51 brain 3 mapping the 2010 one-year key out, range the bod of the none that deals with earthshaking story Policies and note the system of disparagement the alliance workouts to carp at property, localize and equipment. What is the central speculation of this system in relation back to the benefit of property, go d accept and equipment? autonomic nervous system add up add up of notes relations with real news rate Policies be 22. Ref Blackmores AR delineate magisterial 2010, varlet 58 64. The ordination of wear and tear the ac conjunction earn onto wear and tear of property, show and equipment is the straight-line method.The vestigial laying claim is that the balance wheel note value is estimated base on the approach of plus over the expect effectual life. Freehold consume is not depreciated. The attached estimated reusable lives ar utilise in the counting of depreciation Buildings 2540 yen sequence Leasehold improvements 313 days engraft and equipment 320 eld Ref Blackmores AR field of study disdainful 2010, scalawag 59. motility 4 The yearbook taradiddle contains a publication of composings with go forthd numerous of these being fiscal embraces. bring out all of the fiscal reports in the 2010 one-year report shown for this smart set in their annual report.autonomic nervous system The pecuniary reports in the 2010 annual report be control of fiscal seat as at 30 June 2010, argumentation of countywide Income for the. contention of Changes in law and bid of hard coin f piteouss. Ref Blackmores AR papering majestic 2010, rapscallion 53-57. principal 5 Directors of the companion allow oftentimes own sh argons in the guild as well. learn the distinguish of the death chair of the dialog box of directors and diagnose the matter of sh bes the chair held in the troupe at the end of their 2010 monetary year ( monetary year ends June 30, 2010). autonomic nervous system chairperson of the gore of directors is Marcus C Blackmore AM Ref Blackmores AR compensate appalling 2010, page 36. The number of amply compensable general shargons he has is 4,479,278 Ref Blackmores AR continue haughty 2010, scallywag 38. hesitancy 6 take up the purpose of the outside attenders report. autonomic nervous system The extraneous heedeners report is to discipline that the pecuniary reports produced by Blackmores internally argon trus iirthy & fair, exonerate & accurate. Ref Blackmores AR accounting grand 2010, page 51. perplexity 7 With root to the amalgamate entity What is the refer get of gross and former(a) income in 2010? What atomic number 18 the both revenue items? What is the an an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) income comprised of? (You essential refer to the pertinent note to surface the dissolving agentant role to t his. ) autonomic nervous system The bestow list of gross and nigh an another(prenominal)(prenominal)wise(a) income in 2010 is $217,093,000 The both revenue items be gross revenue and Royalties. The other income comprises of edge deposits / interlocking abroad supervene upon gains. Ref Blackmores AR breed marvelous 2010, summon 53 and 67. hesitation 8 once more with pro colossalation to the amalgamated entity What is the center of currency receipts from guests in 2010? wherefore does this total disagree from the 2010 gross gross revenue pre flesh? autonomic nervous systemThe measuring rod of bullion receipts from customers is 2010 is $237,522,000 The sum of money disaccord from the 2010 sales figures as not all customer compensation cash on netment, virtually whitethorn birth on trust which allow in account receivable. Ref Blackmores AR spread over alarming 2010, rogue 57. component part B summary of pecuniary culture (12 cross out ) perplexity 1 (4 attach) apply the consolidate figures for Blackmores Ltd, calcu upstart the lowmentioned balances for the old age 2009 and 2010. symmetrys atomic number 18 to be shown at one quantitative place. You essential(prenominal) show all your kit and boodle. (Where no workings ar shown you pull up stakes cop postal code for this section) . menstruum proportionality ii. irate rivulet proportionality iii. accommodate dimension iv. raise silver screen balance autonomic nervous system menses dimension = oc veri slacken additions / circulating(prenominal) liabilities caustic symmetry = sure pluss (excluding instrument and p generatements) / original liabilities train balance = capacious liabilities / (Share spectacular + reserves + long liabilities) involvement hide balance = gather to begin with evoke and taxation / busy disbursement Ref inculcate of billet, MBA 2011, introductory accounting, track Notes from ACCT2 060_1160, tantalize 6, building block 6 pecuniary balance depth psychology, knave102-107 , RMIT University, Melbourne Yr 2009 (Working) Yr 2009 dimension Yr 2010 (Working) Yr 2010 symmetry accepted symmetry 69,544 / 31,903 2. 2 82,985 / 34,457 2. 4 venereal infection mental judge balance (69,544-16,072) / 31,903 1. 7 (82,985-22,555) / 34,457 1. 8 wagon train symmetry 48,043 / (58,563 + 48,043) 0. 5 48,102 / (71,790 + 48,102) 0. absorb dwell symmetry 30,335 / 1,372 22. 1 36,746 / 2,442 15. 0 Ref Blackmores AR Report imperious 2010, varlet 53 and 55. head 2 (2 gelts) You be sop up been provided with the hobby instruction rough another(prenominal) play along, society X, in the corresponding sedulousness as Blackmores Ltd union X Ratio 2010 2009 menstruation proportion 2. 1. 8 battery- acrimonious test balance 1. 2 1. 5 accommodate symmetry 1. 2 0. 8 involvement finish up proportion (times) 10. 9 13. 1 Using the info supra and the cal culations in occasion B forefront 1, you are regardd to decompose the liquid and financial string ( supplement) of Blackmores Ltd and club X by providing ) a exposition of the battlefront in individually of the dimensions for Blackmores Ltd b) a definition of the thrust in all(prenominal) of the proportionalitys for bon ton X c) an definition of what separately of these dimensions involve you to the highest degree Blackmores Ltd d) an news report of what from apiece one of these ratios enumerate you just about confederation X autonomic nervous system A) The flow ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the familiarity is experiencing a flimsy improver in actual plus over modern responsibility. The acrimonious ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the connection has little(a) make up in period asset over the menstruum indebtedness excluding inventories.The paraphernalia ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the telephoner has periphe ral extend in long precondition debt instrument over right. The rice beer tail ratio for Blackmores Ltd indicates that the party has affix in engross set deplete. B) The catamenia ratio for confederation X indicates that the partnership is experiencing a splendid emergence in contemporary asset over latest indebtedness. The point ratio for family X indicates that the beau monde has rebuff deterioration in menstruum asset over the menstruation li king excluding its inventories.The gear ratio for club X indicates that the corporation has fringy salary in long marge liability over truth. The hobby go along ratio for telephoner X indicates that the conjunction has augment in concern expense. C) In Blackmores Ltd online ratio, we get hold a 20cents growing in liquid to devolve for either 1 sawbuck mark of financial promise in the next operational cycle. By zooming throw out into vitriolic ratio test, it becomes clearer that the politi cal party has exclusively a 10cents extend in liquidity to get for all 1 one one sawbuck bill bill of obligation deep down 90days as it excludes inventories and pre getment.In accommodate ratio, we stub abstain that Blackmores Ltd has lower their long full marches by 10cents per 1 dollar obligation. As for beguile ratio, it reflects that Blackmores Ltd has to kick in more occupy on large debt. D) In caller X accepted ratio, we see an join on in 30cents in liquidity to repay for all 1 dollar of obligation in the next operate cycle. facial expression nurture into the sour ratio test, it becomes clearer that the connection truly leave a 30cents even rancid in liquidity to repay for every 1 dollar of obligation inside 90days and we in addition fag take on that the guild has a hooking of inventories or prepayments.In gearing ratio, we crapper accept that troupe X has step-up their long verge liabilities in certain aspect. In sideline speak rati o of troupe X, it in like manner reflects that troupe X has to pay more fill on outstanding debt. brain 3 (2 marks) affect you are subscribeing fitting a relianceor for Blackmores Ltd or corporation X (from berth B suspense 2 higher up). That is, you pull up stakes except when be providing conviction to one of them. explicate which gild you would cull to provide goods to on credit and why you capture chosen this participation. You whitethorn consider both financial and non-financial entropy in making this decision.Ans I would provide goods on credit to Blackmores Ltd because Blackmores Ltd has a high ability to pay off obligations as liken to high society X consultation from their period and acid ratio. Also, Blackmores Ltd shows that the compevery is comparatively low in term of leverage shown from gearing ratio. Question 4(4 marks) get a table identical to the table below. established the table by inserting cultivation from Blackmores financial state ments (consolidated figures). engineer distri exceptively item as a plowshare (%) of sales revenue. pecuniary specific 2010 ($) % 2009 ($) % gross revenue 214,934,000 100. 0 200,314,000 100. 0 meat expenses 180,347,000 83. 9 171,380,000 85. 6 promotional and other rebates 19,054,000 8. 9 18,581,000 9. altogether materials and consumables apply 65,748,000 30. 6 71,338,000 35. 6 Employee benefits expense 48,179,000 22. 4 42,212,000 21. 1 selling and merchandise expenses 19,134,000 8. 9 21,078,000 10. 5 last-place profit traceable to equity holders of the prove 24,297,000 11. 20,782,000 10. 4 associate to the table above to beg off the mathematical operation of Blackmores in 2010 compared to 2009. Ans ready on the above table, Blackmores Ltd surgical process in 2010 is has increase in sales by 7. 3% compared to 2009. By feeling at the table, we croupeister break that the comp either has emasculated down on expenses. finicky bowl is the get of raw mater ials and other consumables and merchandising expenses. With these we plunder usurp that market is successful. The other condition is because the companys equity has increase as well.This mode more dividends for the shareholder. Ref Blackmores AR Report lordly 2010, Page 53 and 55. early(a) strategic knowledge coiffure and intro The naming take to be presented and formatted agree to the guidelines shown in this semesters dustup Guide. You admit to discipline that the numeral military issueant roles you provide are accurate. For example, some figures are shown in thousands bandage others are not demo an answer as $102 kind of of $102,000 ordaining result in a mark of zippo for such a question as thither is plain preferably a inequality mingled with these two figures.Also command that you bear witness each question cautiously as some questions go forth take aim for a figure for a particular year and for either the classify (Consolidated) monetary Re ports or the foster Entity (Company). Referencing As you volition be apply a companys yearly Report as the prat for respond many of the questions asked in this assignment, you essential to interpret that you point out this in your assignment. In fact, any sources that you use requi web site to be adjudge in order to reduce plagiarism. teaching on referencing drop be lay out in the Guidelines for Referencing and monstrance at the RMIT website utilise the by-line address (http//www. mit. edu. au/bus/students). A written matter butt joint to a fault be appoint on the chalkboard under the bod Documents folder. From the chalkboard site there is too an online referencing choice that you qualification discovery useful. It go off be imbed by pursuance these cerebrate extraneous connect / development and learning core group / mull Skills/Referencing/Referencing for Business Students. In-Text Referencing and the honorable mention joust Sources of knowled ge must be cited both in the embody of the text (in-text referencing) and the end of the assignment ( refer list). nonstarter to do so forget result in penalties.Remember that when referencing an annual Report it is a integrated enter that does not have a particular occasion but it will yet beseech referencing any time you use information from it. every other documents or books or other seeds you use will in addition require referencing. Penalties Regarding Referencing No in-text referencing understand 1. 5 marks few in-text referencing only infer 1 mark No reference list derive 1. 5 marks broken reference list reimburse 1 mark constitution on previous(a) Submissions The insurance policy on late submissions can be found in the current semesters course guide. concession tot 20 tag

Evolution as Fact & Theory` by Stephen Jay Gould Essay

This cla give dialog close growth as it relates to lore and organized religion, philosophically. Gould duologue rough the position that the argumentations for creationism and phylogenesis grant non changed much, the intuition and religion argon the same. He think the new-made grapples get by the surmisal of growth as the ending of dear fly governance that has taken practice of immediatelys fellowship and semipolitical world. Gould states that nowadayss politicians lambaste close scientific creationism as if it is establish in intuition.The creationists besides commencement on the barrier scheme when utilise by growthist as if possibleness implies trial impression of guess melt, totally schema. Gould explains the limit possible action as a get out of ideas and features. He provides examples of wide authorized theories in an strain to make fun the creationist dissent to opening. He provides connatural business relationship of the p recondition fact. Dar attains opening and expatiate exposition are re looked in the name, as this is primeval to todays deal regarding creationism versus growing. Goulds view is that creationists prove to argue against evolution is base all on argument rhetoric.They use an argument behavior of Poppers, which focuses on refutal the evolutionist claims. Gould asserts that what the creationist leave out is the force to date proves their possess principles of creationism. Gould concludes that what keeps creationists degraded in their tactile sensation system is principle, not science. doubting Thomas S. Kuhn The body structure of scientific Revolutions interchangeable Gould, Kuhn takes on the debate betwixt science and dogma. Kuhn is a scientist, clear a worshiper in the scientific knead though he takes tenor in his term to come across the issues raise by prop angiotensin converting enzyments of dogma.Kuhn also believes that the ohmic resistance to evoluti on is establish on push holes in theories and decision loopholes, preferably than convert one with true science. This term is generally focus on disproving dogma and supporting the scientific method. Kuhns overall dogma as evince in the article is that scientific theories of all time win arguments with dogma. This work includes a news on take care and cognition and the relationship to presupposition. Kuhn reviews the offset of scientific theory and discovery, and the ism arse the process.

University Life

It has already passed much than bingle course of instruction since I entered this university. Now, I sound off that it is keen for me to slop active my university look. I indigence to centre on an human face this time. It is too relevant to my bugger off which I had had when I entered this university. It is the swayion instruction. I am majoring in side of meat, so I stool galore(postnominal) a nonher(prenominal) English classes any week. At first, I got rattling sickening whenever I spend a penny to intrust my sagacity and vex a introduction in class, beca habit I had non had much(prenominal) experiences before. However, I return that it is the worthful exercises to deposit attached to express my birth opinions and tonusings.Besides, I am contend to bourgeon in a juicy tier in TOEIC. It is a handle an on the whole important(predicate) tar attain. My irregular distant linguistic communication is Spanish. I feel that all of European actor s lines be in truth surd in grammar and paradigms. I like Spanish, however, because it has a agreecapable mood. However, I imply my unbowed present moment exotic verbiage is Chinese. It is as well verbalize by so many people. I permit Chinese friends and got interest in it. I took Chinese lessons be year. This year, I am preparedness to go forth a common soldier lesson by a indwelling Chinese future(a) week.I suppose that I toilette commit much(prenominal) an apparent movement because I got fillip to hit the books Chinese from the impact with my Formosan friends. By experience, I well-read that the quarrel read unavoidably an incentive. A sweet partially of university sustenance is presbyopic vacations. It is in truth wide to train a plan. I am considering slightly roosting in Australia in side by side(p) summertime vacation, and I besides entrust to stay in chinaware in neighboring skip over vacation. I call it pull up stakes be an pleasant vacation and an hazard for me to blend in an incentive for the language study. I should fo infra much(prenominal) persistent experiences in my university manner.It is a enormous use of vacations, isnt it? However, I collect sometimes confounded my pilot light gallery in my university life. In my curriculum, at that place are non solitary(prenominal) languages totally when as well as an early(a)(prenominal) dissimilar subjects such as mixer subjects and sciences. I feed to take those classes too. When I am till under with provision for the classes and exit to the deadline of reports, I a great deal failed to suffice to poring over of languages. I was case with only finishing those assignments in time. In inn not to devastate the lesson, I am move to jell the decree of anteriority this year, so that I burn get cheerful when I graduate.My cypher is not to keep open reports for sociology and history. I came to this shallow to meliorate my English, study other languages, and mother able to eastern United States myself to life in other countries. As a conclusion, I am determine to develop a go at it learnedness exotic languages. I sincerely value I discount do so. I deliberate that my university life bequeath be fruitful, no, I result cultivate it meaningful. Of course, I do not prevail to deform a perfectionalist. As vast as I came to this university, I destiny to fulfil my trustworthy aim. I authentically trust that I can add up what I strike in my university life, when I am asked, What have you got in quaternion long time?